宁夏长宁天然气管道工程植被恢复验收监测方法初探

探讨了长距离输气管道工程埋设过程中造成的带状植被破坏后的恢复监测验收方法。采用定性踏查和选择有生态环境代表性的样地样方法定量检验植被的恢复程度是可行的。     

震灾保险的一种实用技术途径及其实施保障

本文提出一种独特的实用型震灾保险模式,通过烈度当量折合费率(CRPIE)的实时判定及延时承保机制(DIAM)的有效运行,对投保与灾后理赔进行科学、客观的动态调制,促成自然科学与社会科学的有机结合,从而可能使震灾保险所面临的一些难题得以解决,文中还从软科学的角度提出了对上述震灾保险新机制的实施保障。     

对建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的若干思考和建议

结合2017年建设项目竣工环保验收监测报告效果评估结果,总结了企业自验现状和验收监测工作情况,分析了项目业主、技术机构、管理部门三方的技术需求,从如何为企业自验做好技术支撑的角度,提出了主动宣传解读管理与技术要求、完善验收监测技术规范体系、全面开展验收监测培训、持续开展验收效果评估、建立环保验收监测服务专家库5项建议。     

Gap acceptance behavior at unsignalized intersections: Effects of using a phone and a music player while driving

Objectives: The present study is an attempt to analyze and compare the distraction effects caused by the use of a phone and a music player at unsignalized intersections.

Method: Eighty-eight participants performed simulated driving experiments where they faced a sequence of gaps in the major road traffic at 2 unsignalized intersections. In this process, their driving behavior was evaluated in terms of gap acceptance probability, accepted lag, and maneuver completion time. These parameters were modeled with a generalized estimating equation (GEE) method by considering distraction, demographic factors, driving history, maneuver types, and driving attributes in the approach and completion zones as independent variables.

Results: The results showed that gap acceptance probability decreased by 46% during the conversation task, whereas it increased by 66% during the music player task. Lower gap acceptance could be a compensatory behavior adopted by drivers during the conversation task, whereas no such measure was adapted during the music player task. The results indicate that a higher approach speed during the music player task might have led to increased gap acceptance. Further, though the effect of distraction on the accepted lag was not evident, the completion time was reduced during the conversation task.

Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that drivers are more likely to adopt a compensatory measure in complex driving situations only if they perceive a high risk. Hence, drivers are exposed to a greater risk while operating a music player, because this is not perceived as risky behavior.     

Can a unique appearance of e-bikes,coupled with information on their characteristics,influence drivers’ gap acceptance?

Abstract

Objective: Car drivers tend to underestimate the speed of e-bikes and accept smaller gaps for crossing in front of them compared to conventional bicycles. As an explanation, it has been suggested that car drivers rely on their previous experience with conventional bicycles, which tells them that those mostly travel at low speeds. E-bikes, which look just like regular bicycles, do not conform to this expectation, resulting in potentially dangerous interactions. Based on this assumption, researchers have suggested to increase other road users’ awareness of e-bikes’ higher speeds by giving them a distinct appearance. The goal of our experiment was to investigate the effects of such a unique appearance, aided by clear instructions about the higher speeds of e-bikes, on gap acceptance.

Method: In order to investigate the effect of appearance independent of the effect of bicycle type, we used video sequences of conventional bicycles and e-bikes approaching at different levels of speed. The riders (regardless of what type of bike they were actually riding) either wore an orange helmet as an indicator for an e-bike, or a gray helmet indicating a conventional bicycle. Fifty participants were asked to indicate the smallest acceptable gap for a left turn in front of the cyclist or e-bike rider.

Results: The results showed significantly smaller acceptable gaps when confronted with the gray helmet (signal for bicycle) compared to the orange helmet (signal for e-bike), whereas there was no difference between the actual bicycle types.

Conclusions: Overall, the results indicate that informing about e-bikes characteristics in combination with a unique appearance can lead to a more cautious behavior among car drivers.     

Public views about editing genes in wildlife for conservation

Developments in CRISPR-based gene-editing technologies have generated a growing number of proposals to edit genes in wildlife to meet conservation goals. As these proposals have attracted greater attention, controversies have emerged among scientists and stakeholder groups over potential consequences and ethical implications of gene editing. Responsible governance cannot occur without consulting broader publics, yet little effort has been made to systematically assess public understandings and beliefs in relation to this new area of applied genetic engineering. We analyzed data from a survey of U.S. adults (n = 1600), collected by YouGov, and that examined respondents’ concerns about gene editing in animal and plant wildlife and how those concerns are shaped by cultural dispositions toward science and beliefs about the appropriateness of intervening in nature at the genetic level. On average, respondents perceived more risk than benefit in using these tools. Over 70% agreed that gene editing in wildlife could be “easily used for the wrong purposes.” When evaluating the moral acceptability of gene editing in wildlife, respondents evaluated applications to improve survival in endangered wildlife as more morally acceptable than applications to decrease abundance in a population or eliminate a population. Belief in the authority of scientific knowledge was positively related to favorable views of the benefits, risks, and moral acceptability of editing genes in wildlife. The belief that editing genes in wildlife inappropriately intervenes in nature predicted relatively more concern about risks and moral acceptability and skepticism about benefits. Given high levels of concern and skepticism about gene editing in wildlife for conservation among the U.S. public, a take-it-slow approach to making decisions about when or whether to use these tools is advisable. Early opinions, including those uncovered in this study, are likely to be provisional. Thus, consulting the public should be an ongoing process.     

Effects of knowledge and emotion on support for novel synthetic biology applications

There is sometimes an inherent assumption that the logical head will overrule the emotional heart in matters of science and technology. However, the literature on decision making under risk and uncertainty suggests that emotional responses may be more potent. A representative sample of Australians participated in a large, national, online survey (n = 8037), in which we measured the influence of knowledge and emotion in predicting support for possible synthetic biology (synbio) solutions to conservation, environmental, and industrial problems. A hierarchical regression model was used to examine the relative influence of affect- and emotion-related factors beyond the influence of knowledge factors in predicting support for synbio solutions. Subsequently, interaction analyses were conducted to examine the potentially moderating role of emotions in the knowledge–support relationship. There was 64% variance in overall support for synbio solutions (R² = 0.64, p < 0.001). The most influential predictor of support in the model was positive emotion. Feeling hopeful, excited, and curious toward a synbio technology was related to greater overall support for the development of that technology. The second strongest set of predictors was affect-related measures that evaluate the technology as bad or good, harmful or beneficial, and risky or safe. Positive emotion and an assessment that the technology was good significantly moderated the effect of knowledge on support. These findings suggest that, at least initially, people are more likely to be guided by their emotions when considering support for synbio technologies, which has implications for how researchers design and implement engagement and communication strategies more broadly.     

镇江新区隐患排查治理现状调查与分析

以隐患排查治理相关制度建立与修订,隐患排查频次及方法,企业员工培训教育,隐患治理设备物资台账,隐患治理跟踪记录等17项指标调研数据为基础,根据数理统计的相关方法,对调研数据进行统计分析。结果表明:港、台资企业、外资企业、国有企业和中外合资企业在隐患排查治理相关制度修订和隐患治理落实方面仍有欠缺;私营企业在隐患排查治理方面相对薄弱,具体表现在相关制度编制不合理、不规范,隐患排查治理培训教育和物资投入不足,隐患治理记录台账缺失。根据调研中发现的问题提出建立隐患排查治理信息系统的方法,利用网络信息技术对企业隐患排查治理情况进行跟踪记录,增强政府部门对企业监管,提高企业隐患治理效率。     

建设项目环保设施竣工验收监测时的环境管理检查

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测已成为建设项目环境管理中的一个重要组成部分,本文主要讨论了建设项目竣工环境保护设施验收监测中环境管理检查的几个方面,力求使验收工作能够全面、真实地反映建设项目环境保护情况。     

浅谈高速公路竣工环保验收调查的重点和特点

高速公路作为以生态环境影响为主的建设项目，与其它工业污染型的建设项目对环境的影响方式有很大的不同。本文按照国家相应法律法规的要求，对如何进行高速公路的竣工环境保护验收调查工作，从污染影响监测与调查，生态环境影响调查、社会环境影响调查三个方面在施工期的回顾调查及试运行期的监测调查两个时间段上作相应介绍，以明确高速公路竣工环境保护验收调查工作的重点和特点。